Endoscope

ABSTRACT

A distal end portion successively provided from an insertion part distal end of an endoscope is provided with an air supply and water supply nozzle, an observation window, and illumination windows, and are formed with mutually parallel first and second flat surfaces. The surface of the observation window is disposed at the same position as the second flat surface. An inclined surface that connects the first flat surface and the second flat surface together is formed at a position that faces the air supply and water supply nozzle. Fluid guide surfaces are formed on both sides of the inclined surface. The fluid guide surfaces incline toward the illumination windows. A fluid jetted from the air supply and water supply nozzle impacts against the inclined surface, spreads to the observation window, and is guided to the fluid guide surfaces, and flows to the illumination windows.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an endoscope including a fluid jetting nozzle that jets a fluid toward an observation window.

2. Description of the Related Art

An endoscope includes, at a distal end portion of an insertion part to be inserted into a subject, an observation window for allowing image light of the subject to be loaded therethrough, an illumination window for irradiating the subject with illumination light, and a fluid jetting (air supply and water supply) nozzle that jets a fluid (washing water or air) toward the observation window. The observation window and the fluid jetting nozzle are arranged on a flat surface orthogonal to an axial direction of the insertion part. Additionally, the pair of illumination windows is arranged at positions substantially symmetrical with respect to the observation window.

In the related art, it is general that the surface of the observation window that becomes a light incidence plane is arranged substantially in the same plane as the flat surface of the insertion part. Since a liquid or dirt within a subject adheres to the surface of the observation window, water is jetted from a jetting port of the fluid jetting nozzle to flush the dirt from the observation window, and air is jetted from the jetting port to blow away waterdrops remaining on the surface of the observation window. Since observation is not easily performed if dirt or waterdrops remain on a portion of the observation window, a fluid jetted from the fluid jetting nozzle preferably spreads over the entire surface of the observation window.

For this reason, in an endoscope described in JP2003-210388A, the surface of an observation window is disposed so as to protrude by a predetermined height with respect to the flat surface of an insertion part, and an inclined portion that inclines such that the height thereof becomes larger gradually toward the surface of an observation window from the flat surface is formed over the entire circumference of a peripheral edge of the observation window. Since a fluid jetted from a jetting port of a fluid jetting nozzle collides with an inclined surface of the inclined portion and flows smoothly toward the surface of the observation window, the fluid can be spread on the entire surface of the observation window. The fluid passed through the surface of the observation window flows down an inclined surface opposite to the fluid jetting nozzle, and flows to the flat surface. By providing the inclined portion in this way, the cleanability of the observation window, and removal of water to be jetted is improved. Additionally, in an endoscope described in JP2007-330529A, a distal end face of a protruding stepped portion (stepped portion) that protrudes by a predetermined height from a flat surface is provided with an observation window, a wall portion of the protruding stepped portion is formed with an inclined surface, and a fluid jetting nozzle is arranged on as to face this inclined surface. This enables a fluid to be applied to an inclined surface so as to guide the fluid to the observation window.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In many cases, the liquid or dirt within the subject adheres not only to the surface of the observation window but to the surface of the illumination window. If the surface of the illumination window becomes dirty, the quantity of light that illuminates the inside of the subject decreases, and observation becomes difficult. Additionally, when a light source device including a light quantity regulating mechanism is used, the light quantity regulating mechanism operates so as to raise the quantity of light of illumination light if the brightness within the subject declines due to the dirt of the illumination window of the endoscope. Therefore, problems occur in that the material of the distal end portion of the endoscope may deteriorate due to generation of heat, or dried dirt may stick to the illumination window.

However, in the endoscope described in JP-A-2003-210388, the washing of the illumination window is not taken into consideration, and a fluid jetted from the fluid jetting nozzle impacts against the observation window and the inclined surface to remove the dirt of the observation window. However, the endoscope is arranged such that a fluid does not impact against the illumination window. Additionally, in the endoscope described in JP2007-330529A, one illumination window of the pair of illumination windows is arranged at a position close to the fluid jetting nozzle in a jetting direction. Therefore, although the one illumination window can be washed, the other illumination window is arranged at a position where a fluid does not impact.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems and an object of the present invention is to provide an endoscope that reliably guides a fluid to an observation window and an illumination window so as to allow washing.

An endoscope of the present invention includes a first flat surface formed at a distal end portion of an insertion part to be inserted into a subject and being orthogonal to an axial direction of the insertion part; an observation window allowing image light of the subject to be taken therethrough, provided at the distal end portion, with the surface of the observation window as a light incidence plane from the first flat surface in a predetermined height; a pair of illumination windows provided at the distal end portion to irradiate a subject with illumination light; a fluid jetting nozzle arranged at the first flat surface to jets a fluid toward the observation window; an inclined surface formed around the observation window and arranged at a position that faces the fluid jetting nozzle; and a fluid guide surface formed continuously with the inclined surface to guide a fluid to the illumination window.

Preferably, the fluid guide surface inclines toward the illumination window from a distal end to a proximal end.

Preferably, the rising angle of the fluid guide surface with respect to the first flat surface increase gradually toward an outer peripheral surface side of the distal end portion from a central side of the distal end portion.

Preferably, the distal end portion is provided with a protruding portion disposed at a position opposite to the fluid jetting nozzle with the observation window therebetween, and contacts a fluid riding over the observation window which had been jetted from the jetting nozzle.

Preferably, the fluid guide surface has a guide groove formed by cutting away a portion of the fluid guide surface to guide a fluid toward the illumination window from the perimeter of the observation window.

Preferably, the distal end portion is formed with a second flat surface arranged on the distal end side of the first flat surface and is parallel to the first flat surface, and the inclined surface and the fluid imide surface are surfaces that connect the first flat surface and the second flat surface together.

Preferably, one illumination windows is disposed at the first flat surface, and the other illumination window is disposed at the second flat surface. Preferably, the other illumination window is arranged within a range surrounded by two straight lines that do not cross a straight line passing through a jetting direction at positions closer to the downstream side than the air supply and water supply nozzle, and the two straight lines pass through both ends of the jetting port and a peripheral edge of the observation window.

Preferably, the distal end portion is formed with a protruding strip protruding from the first flat surface to the distal end and arranged so as to extend from the observation window toward the illumination window, and the fluid guide surface is formed at the protruding strip and inclines toward the illumination window from the distal end to the proximal end.

Preferably, the fluid guide surface is disposed at a position where the fluid guide surface surrounds ⅓ or more and ¾ or less of the entire circumference of the illumination window.

Preferably, the distal end portion comprises a distal end portion body and a cap-shaped distal end protective cap mounted on a distal end side of the distal end portion body, and the inclined surface and the fluid guide surface are formed at the distal end protective cap.

According to the endoscope of the present invention, the inclined surface is formed at a position that faces the fluid jetting nozzle around the observation window, and the fluid guide surface that is continuous with this inclined surface and guides a fluid to the illumination window is firmed. Thus, a fluid can be reliably guided to the observation window and the illumination window so as to perform washing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the appearance of an endoscope system.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the configuration of a distal end portion of an insertion part.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the distal end portion along an observation window and a fluid jetting nozzle.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the distal end portion showing the positional relationship of a fluid guide surface.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are cross-sectional views of a cutting plane (A) shown by a line A-A of FIGS. 2 and 4 and a cutting plane (B) shown by a line B-B.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a modification of a first embodiment in which an embankment-shaped protruding portion and a guide groove are formed.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a distal end portion of a second embodiment in which a fluid guide surface that guides a fluid only to one illumination window is formed.

FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a distal end portion of the second embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a distal end portion of a third embodiment in which a fluid guide surface is formed at a protruding strip formed so as to extend toward an illumination window from an observation window.

FIG. 10 is a plan view of the distal end portion showing the positional relationship of a fluid jetting nozzle and the perimeter of the observation window.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of essential parts showing an example in which the surface of the observation window is disposed at a position protruding by a predetermined distance from the tip of an inclined surface.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

As shown in FIG. 1, an electronic endoscope system 11 includes an electronic endoscope 12, a processor device 13, a light source device 14, an air supply and water supply device 15, or the like. The air supply and water supply device 15 includes a widely-known air supply device (pump or the like) 15 a that is built in the light source device 14 and that performs air supply, and a washing water tank 15 b that is provided outside the light source device 14 and stores washing water. The electronic endoscope 12 has a flexible insertion part 16 to be inserted into the body of a subject, a manipulating part 17 connected to a proximal end portion of the insertion part 16, a connector 18 connected to the processor device 13 and the light source device 14, and a universal cord 19 connecting the manipulation part 17 and the connector 18 together. The connector 18 is a complex connector, and has the processor device 13 and the light source device 14, and air supply and water supply device 15 connected thereto, respectively.

The insertion part 16 includes a distal end portion 16 a provided at a distal end thereof and having a CCD type image sensor 40 (refer to FIG. 2, hereinafter referred to as CCD) as an imaging element for photographing the inside of a subject or the like built therein, a bending portion 16 b connected to a proximal end of the distal end portion 16 a, and a flexible tube portion 16 c connected to a proximal end of the flexible bending portion 16 b. Hereinafter, the distal end of the insertion part 16 is simply referred to as the “distal end”, and the proximal end of the insertion part 16 is simply referred to as the “proximal end”.

The processor device 13 is electrically connected to the light source device 14, and controls the operation of the electronic endoscope system 11 in general. The processor device 13 supplies electric power to the electronic endoscope 12 through a transmission cable inserted through the universal cord 19 or the insertion part 16, and controls the driving of the CCD 40. Additionally, the processor device 13 acquires an imaging signal output from the CCD 40 through the transmission cable, and performs various kinds of image processing to generate image data. The image data generated by the processor device 13 is displayed as an observation image on a monitor 20 cable-connected to the processor device 13.

The air supply and water supply channel 21 (refer to FIG. 3) is disposed inside the insertion part 16 and the manipulating part 17, and the air supply and water supply channel 21 is connected to an air supply and water supply nozzle (fluid jetting nozzle) 22 (refer to FIGS. 2 to 4) provided at the distal end portion 16 a. Additionally, the air supply and water supply channel 21 is connected to the air supply and water supply device 15 through the universal cord 19.

The manipulating part 17 is provided with a forceps port 23 through which various treatment tools having an injection needle, a surgical knife, or the like disposed at the distal end thereof, are inserted, an air supply and water supply button 24, an angle knob 25, or the like. If air supply manipulation is performed by pushing the air supply and water supply button 24, the air generated by the air supply device 15 a is sent to the air supply and water supply nozzle 22, and if water supply manipulation is performed, washing water is sent to the air supply and water supply nozzle 22 from the washing water tank 15 b by the pressure of the air generated by the air supply device 15 a. The air supply and water supply nozzle 22 selectively jets the air and washing water supplied through the air supply and water supply channel 21.

Additionally, if the angle knob 25 is manipulated, the bending portion 16 b operates to be curved up and down and right and left as a wire provided to be inserted into the insertion part 16 is pushed or pulled. This causes the distal end portion 16 a to be directed in a desired direction within a body cavity.

As shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 4, the distal end portion 16 a includes a distal end portion body 26, a cap-shaped distal end protective cap 27 mounted on the distal end of the distal end portion body 26, observation windows 28, two illumination windows 29 a and 29 b, forceps outlet 30, and the air supply and water supply nozzle 22. In the distal end portion body 26, through holes 26 a to 26 c each of which holds respective parts, such as the air supply and water supply nozzle 22, an objective lens unit 36 to be described below, and a light guide 41 (refer to FIG. 5), are formed along the axial direction of the insertion part 16. A rear end of the distal end portion body 26 is coupled to a bending piece 31 at the distal end that constitutes the bending portion 16 b.

The distal end protective cap 27 includes a distal end plate portion 27 a that covers the distal end of the distal end portion body 26, and a cylindrical portion 27 b that covers the outer peripheral surface of the distal end portion body 26. An envelope layer 32 that covers the outer peripheral surface of the bending portion 16 b extends up to the distal end portion body 26, and the distal end of the envelope layer 32 and the rear end of the cylindrical portion 27 b are butted against each other whereby the ends are fastened to each other with an adhesive or the like. The distal end plate portion 27 a is formed with a planar, first flat surface 33 a orthogonal to the axial direction of the insertion part 16.

The distal end plate portion 27 a is formed with a stepped portion 34 that protrudes toward the distal end with respect to the first flat surface 33 a.

The stepped portion 34 extends to the opposite side of the air supply and water supply nozzle 22 from near the center of the distal end plate portion 27 a, and is continuous with an outer peripheral surface of the distal end plate portion 27 a, that is, an outer peripheral surface 27 c of the distal end protective cap 27. A distal end of the stepped portion 34 is formed with a second flat surface 33 b arranged parallel to the first flat surface 33 a.

The distal end plate portion 27 a is formed with through holes 27 d to 27 g that expose the observation window 28, the illumination windows 29 a and 29 h, and the air supply and water supply nozzle 22, when the first and second flat surfaces 33 a and 33 b are seen from the distal end, and the forceps outlet 30. The observation window 28 is arranged at a position surrounded by the vicinity of the center of the distal end portion 16 a and the second flat surface 33 b. Additionally, the pair of illumination windows 29 a and 29 b is arranged at positions symmetrical with respect to the observation window 28.

The observation window 28 is an objective lens on the tip side that constitutes the objective lens unit 36, and serves also as a cover glass. The observation window 28 has a substantially disc-shaped appearance, and has a surface 28 a that is a light incidence plane, and an outer peripheral surface 28 b continuous with the surface 28 a.

The optical system of the objective lens unit 36 including the observation window 28 is held by a lens barrel 37. The lens barrel 37 holds the proximal end of the outer peripheral surface 28 b of the observation window 28. The distal end of the outer peripheral surface 28 b of the observation window 28 fits into the through hole 27 d of the distal end protective cap 27. The lens barrel 37 fits into the through hole 26 a of the distal end portion body 26, and the distal end face thereof is butted against and attached to the distal end plate portion 27 a of the distal end protective cap 27.

The observation window 28 is attached at a position where the surface 28 a becomes flush with the second flat surface 33 b. In the distal end protective cap 27, an inclined surface 38 is formed around the observation window 28. The inclined surface 38 connects the first flat surface 33 a and the second flat surface 33 b together, is reduced in height gradually toward the first flat surface 33 a from the second flat surface 33 b, and inclines toward the proximal end from the distal end. Moreover, the inclined surface 38 is formed in the shape of a taper that surrounds approximately the half circumference of the entire circumference of the observation window 28 that faces the air supply and water supply nozzle 22. In addition, the range in which the inclined surface 38 is formed is not limited to this, and may be arranged at least at a position that faces the air supply and water supply nozzle 22.

Moreover, in the distal end protective cap 27, fluid guide surfaces 39 a and 39 b arranged so as to extend to the perimeter of the illumination windows 29 a and 29 b, are arranged on both sides of the inclined surface 38, respectively. The fluid guide surfaces 39 a and 39 h connects the first flat surface 33 a and the second flat surface 33 b together, and are smoothly continuous with the inclined surface 38. The fluid guide surfaces 39 a and 39 b incline toward the proximal end from the distal end so as to guide a fluid to the illumination windows 29 a and 29 b, and is formed in the shape of a mortar that is reduced in height gradually toward the illumination windows 29 a and 29 b.

A CCD 40 is attached to a deep portion of the objective lens unit 36. The CCD 40 includes, for example, an interline transfer type CCD, and a subject image loaded by the optical system of the objective lens unit 36 is formed on an imaging surface. En addition, the imaging element is not limited to the CCD 40, and may be a type of CMOS.

The illumination windows 29 a and 29 b serve also exposure lenses, and irradiate at least the portion to be observed within a subject with illumination light from the light source device 14. The illumination windows 29 a and 29 b are attached at positions where the surfaces (distal end faces) thereof become flush with the first flat surface 33 a, and face an outgoing end of the light guide 41. The light guide 41 is formed by bundling a number of optical fibers (for example, made of silica based glass), externally fitting a ferrule at the distal end thereof, and covers an outer peripheral surface thereof with a tube. The light guide 41 passes through the insides of the insertion part 16, the manipulating part 17, the universal cord 19, and the connector 18, and guides the illumination light from the light source device 14 to the illumination windows 29 a and 29 b. The forceps outlet 30 is connected to a forceps channel (not shown) disposed within the insertion part 16, and communicates with the forceps port 23 of the manipulating part 17. Various treatment tools inserted through the forceps port 23 has distal ends exposed from the forceps outlet 30.

As for the air supply and water supply nozzle 22, a jetting cylinder portion 22 a on the distal end and a connection cylinder portion 22 b on the proximal end are integrally formed. The connection cylinder portion 22 b is fitted to a distal-end-side outer peripheral surface of the air supply and water supply channel 21, and is connected to the air supply and water supply channel 21. Additionally, the connection cylinder portion 22 b, and the air supply and water supply channel 21 are fitted to a through hole 26 b of the distal end portion body 26. The jetting cylinder portion 22 a is formed in the shape of a cylinder smoothly bent to a jetting port 42 at a distal end thereof from the connection cylinder portion 22 b, and is exposed to the outside through the through hole 27 g of the distal end protective cap 27.

Moreover, a fluid jet range using the air supply and water supply nozzle 22 is preferably set such that a fluid is applied to at least the inclined surface 38, preferably, such that a fluid is applied to both the observation window 28 and the inclined surface 38.

The arrangement of the fluid guide surfaces 39 a and 39 b will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. Symbol α represents the angle range of the fluid guide surfaces 39 a and 39 b surrounding the illumination windows 29 a and 29 b, and this angle range α is 120° or more. That is, the fluid guide surfaces 39 a and 39 b are arranged at positions where the fluid guide surfaces surround ⅓ or more of the entire circumferences of the illumination windows 29 a and 29 b.

Additionally, symbol DA (refer to FIG. 5A) and symbol DB (refer to FIG. 5B) represent the rising angle (the angle of the generating line of the fluid guide surface 39 b) of the fluid guide surface 39 b with respect to the first flat surface 33 a. Moreover, the rising angle DA is the rising angle of the fluid guide surface 39 b at a position that touches the inclined surface 38, and the rising angle DB is the rising angle of the fluid guide surface 39 b at a position that touches the outer peripheral surface 27 c. The fluid guide surface 39 b is formed such that the rising angle thereof becomes larger gradually toward the outer peripheral surface 27 c from the central side of the distal end portion 16 a. That is, the fluid guide surface 39 b is formed such that the rising angle DA at the position that touches the inclined surface 38 becomes the smallest and the rising angle DB at the position that touches the outer peripheral surface 27 c becomes the largest. In addition, the fluid guide surface 39 a is also formed similarly to the fluid guide surface 39 b such that the rising angle thereof becomes larger gradually toward the outer peripheral surface 27 c from the central side of the distal end portion 16 a. Thereby, the fluid that impacts against the observation window 28 or the inclined surface 38 and is guided to the fluid guide surfaces 39 a and 39 b is stopped by the fluid guide surfaces 39 a and 39 b near the outer peripheral surface 27 c, and easily flows to the illumination windows 29 a and 29 b.

The process when the washing of the observation window 28 by the fluid jetting of the air supply and water supply nozzle 22 is performed using the electronic endoscope 12 of the above configuration will be described. A portion of the fluid (air or washing water) jetted from the air supply and water supply nozzle 22 impact against the inclined surface 38. While the fluid that impacts against the inclined surface 38 spreads in the circumferential direction of the observation window 8, the fluid climbs up the inclined surface 38. Thereby, the fluid spreads over the entire surface 28 a of the observation window 28, and a liquid or dirt adhering to the surface 28 a are blown away. Moreover, washing water is also blown away by the jetting, of air.

Most of the fluid washing water) that rides over the observation window 28 and the inclined surface 38 flows down along the fluid guide surfaces 39 a and 39 b. Since the fluid jetted from the air supply and water supply nozzle 22 in this way can be guided to the inclined surface 38 so as to sufficiently wash the observation window 28, and the fluid that rides over the observation window 28 and the inclined surface 38 is guided to the fluid guide surfaces 39 a and 39 b, the washing of the illumination windows 29 a and 29 b can also be performed.

As described above, since the fluid guide surfaces 39 a and 39 b are formed such that the rising angles thereof becomes larger gradually toward the outer peripheral surface 27 c from the central side of the distal end portion 16 a, the fluid easily flows to the illumination windows 29 a and 29 b. Moreover, since the fluid guide surfaces 39 a and 39 b are arranged so as to surround the illumination windows 29 a and 29 b, a fluid easily flow to the illumination windows 29 a and 29 b, and cleanability can be improved.

Additionally, as a modification of the above first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, a bank-shaped protruding portion 45 may be provided at a position opposite to the air supply and water supply nozzle 22 with the observation window 28 therebetween. In addition, the protruding portion 45 preferably protrudes from the second flat surface 33 b to the distal end, and is formed in the shape of a circular arc along the outer peripheral surface 27 c. In this case, the fluid that is jetted from the air supply and water supply nozzle 22 and rides over the inclined surface 38 and the observation window 28 impacts against the protruding portion 45. Thereby, since the fluid that impacts against and rebounded from the protruding portion 45 flows down along the second flat surface 33 b and the fluid guide surfaces 39 a and 39 b, the fluid easily flows to the illumination windows 29 a and 29 b. Moreover, portions of the fluid guide surfaces 39 a and 39 b may be cut away to form guide grooves 46 a and 46 b that guide a fluid toward the illumination windows 29 a and 29 b from the perimeter of the observation window 28 may be formed. A fluid more easily flow to the illumination windows 29 a and 29 b by the guide grooves 46 a and 46 b, and cleanability can be improved.

In the above first embodiment, both of the illumination windows 29 a and 29 b are arranged at the first flat surface 33 a, and the fluid guide surfaces 39 a and 39 b that guide a fluid to the illumination windows 29 a and 29 b, respectively are formed. However, the present invention is not limited to this. As in a distal end portion 50 of a second embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, one illumination window 29 a of the pair of illumination windows 29 a and 29 b may be arranged at a first flat surface 51 a and the other illumination window 29 b may be arranged at a second flat surface 51 b. Additionally, a fluid guide surface 52 that guide a fluid to the illumination window 29 a may be formed, and the illumination window 29 b may be arranged within a jetting range of the air supply and water supply nozzle 22. In addition, in FIGS. 7 and 8, those using the same parts as the above first embodiment will be designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

In this second embodiment, the first and second flat surfaces 51 a and 51 b are formed at the distal end protective cap 27 similarly to the flat surfaces 33 a and 33 b of the above first embodiment, and are parallel to each other, and the second flat surface 51 b are arranged closer to the distal end than the first flat surface 51 a. In addition, an inclined surface 53 that connects the first and second flat surfaces 51 a and 51 b together is formed around the observation window 28. The surface 28 a of the observation window 28, is arranged on the same plane as the second flat surface 51 b. The inclined surface 53 is arranged at a position that faces the air supply and water supply nozzle 22, similarly to the inclined surface 38 of the above first embodiment.

Additionally, the fluid guide surface 52 connects the first flat surface 51 a and the second flat surface 51 b together, and is smoothly continuous with the inclined surface 53. Preferably, the fluid guide surface 52, similarly to the fluid guide surfaces 39 a and 39 b of the above first embodiment, is formed in the shape of a mortar that is reduced in height gradually toward the illumination window 29 a and is inclined toward the proximal end from the distal end. Moreover, the air supply and water supply nozzle 22, the observation window 28, and the illumination window 29 b are preferably arranged substantially in the shape of a straight line along a jetting direction S of the air supply and water supply nozzle 22 (refer to FIG. 8). Specifically, the jetting direction S is located on a straight line passing through the center of the jetting port 42 of the air supply and water supply nozzle 22, and the center of the observation window 28, and the illumination window 29 b is located on the downstream side of the observation window 28 in the jetting direction S. Additionally, symbols L1 and L2 represent two straight lines that do not cross a straight line passing through the jetting direction S at positions closer to the downstream side than the air supply and water supply nozzle 22 and that pass through both ends of the jetting port 42 of the air supply and water supply nozzle 22, and the peripheral edge of the observation window 28. The illumination window 29 b is preferably arranged within a range surrounded by the two straight lines L1 and L2, and most preferably located on an extension line in the jetting direction S. Alternatively, even when the illumination window 29 b is not located on the extension line in the jetting direction S, it is preferable to arrange the illumination window 29 b within a range surrounded by any one of the straight lines L1 and L2 (refer to FIG. 8) and the extension line in the jetting direction S. Thereby, a fluid can be reliably jetted to the illumination window 29 b arranged at the second flat surface 51 b.

As described above, in this second embodiment, a fluid is guided to one illumination window 29 a by the fluid guide surface 52, and the fluid jetted from the air supply and water supply nozzle 22 is blown against the other illumination window 29 b. Thus, the observation window 28 can be sufficiently washed similarly to the above first embodiment, and the washing of the illumination windows 29 a and 29 b can also be performed.

In the above first and second embodiments, the mutually parallel first and second flat surfaces 33 a and 33 b or 51 a and 51 b are arranged at the distal end portion 16 a or the distal end portion 50, and the inclined surface 38 or 53 that connects the first flat surface and the second flat surface together and the fluid guide surfaces 39 a and 39 b or 52 are formed. However, the shapes of the inclined surface and the fluid guide surfaces are not limited to these. As in a distal end portion 60 of a third embodiment shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, an inclined surface 61 may be formed around the observation window 28, and fluid guide surfaces 63 a and 63 b may be formed at arcuate protruding strips 62 a and 62 b extending from the observation window 28 to the perimeter of the illumination windows 29 a and 29 b.

In this third embodiment, an annular protruding portion 65 that protrudes to the distal end from the first flat surface 64 orthogonal to the axial direction of the insertion part 16 and is disposed at the entire circumferences of the observation window 28 is formed, and the inclined surface 61 is formed at an outer peripheral surface of this annular protruding portion 65. In addition, the observation window 28 is attached such that the position of the surface 28 a is aligned with the tip position of the annular protruding portion 65. The fluid guide surfaces 63 a and 63 b are formed at arcuate protruding strips 62 a and 62 b formed continuously with the annular protruding portion 65. The arcuate protruding strips 62 a and 62 b are arranged so as to surround the illumination windows 29 a and 29 b. Preferably, the fluid guide surfaces 63 a and 63 b, similarly to the fluid guide surfaces 39 a and 39 b of the above first embodiment, are formed in the shape of a mortar that is reduced in height gradually toward the illumination window 29 a and inclines toward the proximal end from the distal end. Additionally, the fluid guide surfaces 63 a and 63 b are preferably arranged at positions where the fluid guide surfaces surround ⅓ or more of the entire circumferences of the illumination windows 29 a and 29 b.

In the above respective embodiments, the surface 28 a of the observation window 28 is disposed at the same position as the tips of the second flat surface 33 b and 51 b or the annular protruding portion 65, that is, the tips of the inclined surfaces 38, 53, and 61. However, the present invention is not limited this. As in a distal end portion 70 shown in FIG. 11, the surface 28 a of the observation window 28 may be disposed so as to protrude by a predetermined distance from the tip of the inclined surface 71. Additionally, in the case of the example shown in FIG. 11, it is preferable to form the distal end of the outer peripheral surface 28 b of the observation window 28 as a tapered surface 72 that is obliquely out off. Thereby, the fluid that rides over the inclined surface 71 flows to the surface 28 a of the observation window 28 along the tapered surface 72. Additionally, the surface of the observation window 28 is not limited to the flat shape, and may be, for example, a convex lens surface that protrudes to the distal end. In this case, the peripheral edge of the convex lens surface may be arranged at the same position as the tip of the inclined surface 71, or may be arranged so as to protrude by a predetermined distance from the tip of the inclined surface 71.

Additionally, in the above respective embodiments, the fluid guide surfaces 39 a, 39 b, 52, 63 a, and 63 b are formed in the shape of a mortar. However, the shape of the fluid guide surfaces is not limited to this. The fluid guide surfaces may be formed in a streamline shape that inclines toward the illumination windows 29 a and 29 b and has a smooth surface.

Although the electronic endoscope that observes an image obtained by imaging the state of a subject using an imaging device has been described as an example in the above respective embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto, and can also be applied to an endoscope that adopts an optical image guide to observe the state of a subject. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An endoscope, comprising: a first flat surface formed at a distal end portion of an insertion part to be inserted into a subject, and is orthogonal to an axial direction of the insertion part; an observation window allowing image light of the subject to be taken therethrough, provided at the distal end portion with a surface of the observation window as a light incidence plane protruding from the first flat surface in a predetermined height; a pair of illumination windows provided at the distal end portion to irradiate a subject with illumination light; a fluid jetting nozzle arranged at the first flat surface to jet a fluid toward the observation window; an inclined surface formed around the observation window and arranged at a position that faces the fluid jetting nozzle; and a fluid guide surface formed continuously with the inclined surface to guide a fluid to the illumination window, wherein the pair of illumination windows are positioned on the first flat surface and in a side of an intersection part of the first flat surface and the fluid guide surface, such that a shortest distance between a center of each of the pair of illumination windows and the intersection part is less than a shortest distance between the center of said each of the pair of illumination windows and a perimeter of the first flat surface.
 2. The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the fluid guide surface inclines toward the illumination window from a distal end to a proximal end.
 3. The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein a rising angle of the fluid guide surface with respect to the first flat surface increases gradually toward an outer peripheral surface side of the distal end portion from a central side of the distal end portion.
 4. The endoscope according to claim 2, wherein a rising angle of the fluid guide surface with respect to the first flat surface increases gradually toward an outer peripheral surface side of the distal end portion from a central side of the distal end portion.
 5. The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the distal end portion is provided with a protruding portion disposed at a position opposite to the fluid jetting nozzle with the observation window interposed therebetween, and contacts to a fluid riding over the observation window jetted from the fluid jetting nozzle.
 6. The endoscope according to claim 2, wherein the distal end portion is provided with a protruding portion disposed at a position opposite to the fluid jetting nozzle with the observation window interposed therebetween, and contacts to a fluid riding over the observation window jetted from the fluid jetting nozzle.
 7. The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the fluid guide surface includes a guide groove formed by cutting away a portion of the fluid guide surface to guide a fluid toward the illumination window from a perimeter of the observation window.
 8. The endoscope according to claim 2, wherein the fluid guide surface includes a guide groove formed by cutting away a portion of the fluid guide surface to guide a fluid toward the illumination window from a perimeter of the observation window.
 9. The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the distal end portion is formed with a second flat surface arranged on the distal end side of the first flat surface and is parallel to the first flat surface, and wherein the inclined surface and the fluid guide surface include surfaces that connect the first flat surface and the second flat surface together.
 10. The endoscope according to claim 2, wherein the distal end portion is formed with a second flat surface arranged on the distal end side of the first flat surface and is parallel to the first flat surface, and wherein the inclined surface and the fluid guide surface include surfaces that connect the first flat surface and the second flat surface together.
 11. The endoscope according to claim 9, wherein one of the illumination windows is disposed at the first flat surface, and another one of the illumination windows is disposed at the second flat surface.
 12. The endoscope according to claim 10, wherein one of the illumination windows is disposed at the first flat surface, and another one of the illumination windows is disposed at the second flat surface.
 13. The endoscope according to claim 11, wherein said another one of the illumination windows is arranged within a range surrounded by two straight lines that do not cross a straight line passing through a jetting direction at positions closer to a downstream side than the fluid jetting nozzle, and the two straight lines pass through both ends of the jetting port and a peripheral edge of the observation window.
 14. The endoscope according to claim 12, wherein said another one of the illumination windows is arranged within a range surrounded by two straight lines that do not cross a straight line passing through a jetting direction at positions closer to a downstream side than the fluid jetting nozzle, and the two straight lines pass through both ends of the jetting port and a peripheral edge of the observation window.
 15. The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the distal end portion is formed with a protruding strip protruding from the first flat surface to the distal end and arranged so as to extend from the observation window toward the illumination window, and wherein the fluid guide surface is formed at the protruding strip and inclines toward the illumination window from the distal end to the proximal end.
 16. The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the fluid guide surface is disposed at a position where the fluid guide surface surrounds ⅓ or more and ¾ or less of an entire circumference of the illumination window.
 17. The endoscope according to claim 2, wherein the fluid guide surface is disposed at a position where the fluid guide surface surrounds ⅓ or more and ¾ or less of an entire circumference of the illumination window.
 18. The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the distal end portion comprises a distal end portion body and a cap-shaped distal end protective cap mounted on a distal end side of the distal end portion body, and wherein the inclined surface and the fluid guide surface are formed at the distal end protective cap.
 19. The endoscope according to claim 2, wherein the distal end portion comprises a distal end portion body and a cap-shaped distal end protective cap mounted on a distal end side of the distal end portion body, and wherein the inclined surface and the fluid guide surface are formed at the distal end protective cap.
 20. The endoscope according to claim 1, wherein a rising angle of the fluid guide surface with respect to the first flat surface continuously increases toward an outer peripheral surface side of the distal end portion from a central side of the distal end portion. 